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Psychological injury
"Psychological Injury" refers to psychological or psychiatric conditions associated with an event that leads, or may lead, to a lawsuit in tort action or other legal-related claims, for example, in workers' compensation, United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) disability benefits claims, and Social Security Administration (SSA) disability cases. Claimable injuries might result from events such as a motor vehicular collision or other negligent action, and cause impairments, disorders, and disabilities perhaps as an exacerbation of a pre-existing condition (e.g., Drogin, Dattilio, Sadoff, & Gutheil, 2011;〔Drogin, E. Y., Dattilio, F. M., Sadoff, R. L., & Gutheil, T. G. (2011). Handbook of forensic assessment. New York: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-48405-0.〕 Duckworth, Iezzi, & O’Donohue, 2008;〔Duckworth, M. P., Iezzi, T., & O’Donohue, W. T. (Eds.). (2008). Motor vehicle collisions: Medical, psychosocial, and legal consequences. New York: Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-045048-2.〕 Kane & Dvoskin, 2011;〔Kane, A. W., & Dvoskin, J. A. (2011). Evaluation for personal injury claims. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-532607-5.〕 Koch, Douglas, Nicholls, & O’Neil, 2006;〔Koch, W. J., Douglas, K. S., Nicholls, T. L., & O’Neill, M. L. (2006). Psychological injuries: Forensic assessment, treatment, and law. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-518828-4.〕 Schultz & Gatchel, 2009;〔Schultz, I. Z., & Gatchel, R. J. (2009). Handbook of complex occupational disability claims: Early risk identification, intervention, and prevention. New York: Springer Science + Business Media. ISBN 0-387-50167-3.〕 Young, 2010,〔Young, G. (2010). Causes in the construction of causal law: A psycho-ecological model. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32, 73-83.〕 2011;〔Young, G. (2011). Erratum to: Trends in psychological/ psychiatric injury and law: Continuing education, practice comments, recommendations. Psychological Injury and Law, 4, 56-87.〕 Young, Kane, & Nicholson, 2006,〔Young, G., Kane, A. W., & Nicholson, K. (2006). Psychological knowledge in court: PTSD, pain, and TBI. New York: Springer Science + Business Media. ISBN 0-387-25609-1.〕 2007〔Young, G., Kane, A. W., & Nicholson, K. (2007). Causality of psychological injury: Presenting evidence in court. New York: Springer Science + Business Media. ISBN 1-4419-4214-9.〕).
Legally, psychological injury is considered a mental harm, suffering, damage, impairment, or dysfunction caused to a person as a direct result of some action or failure to act by some individual. The psychological injury must reach a degree of disturbance of the pre-existing psychological/ psychiatric state such that it interferes in some significant way with the individual's ability to function. If so, an individual may be able to sue for compensation/ damages.
Typically, a psychological injury may involve Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), a concussion, chronic pain, or a disorder that involves mood or emotions (such as depression, anxiety, fear, or phobia, and adjustment disorder). These disorders may manifest separately or in combination (co-morbidity). If the symptoms and effects persist, the injured person may become a complainant or plaintiff who initiates legal action aimed at obtaining compensation against whomever is considered responsible for the injury.
==Scope==
In the following, psychological injury is discussed in relation to the law, forensic psychology, assessment, malingering, diagnosis, treatment, PTSD, chronic pain, TBI, disability, return to work, psychological tests and testing, and causality.
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